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1.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2021. 90 p. ilus., tab., graf..
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1379845

ABSTRACT

Programa de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (PCIH), conhecido na atualidade como Programa de Controle de Infecção Relacionada à Assistência à Saúde (PCIRAS) é um conjunto de ações desenvolvidas deliberada e sistematicamente, com vistas à redução máxima possível da incidência e da gravidade das infecções. A construção deste programa deve considerar a realidade local e as especificidades organizacionais. No entanto, as atividades desenvolvidas pelos serviços de saúde são diversificadas, sendo que no Brasil ainda falta apoio financeiro, incentivo governamental e ainda não há estabelecido um índice de qualidade que permita a comparação entre os locais, tornando-se barreiras para implementação efetiva do PCIH. Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade dos programas de controle de infecção hospitalar no Brasil. Metodologia: Este estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas: (1) revisão integrativa da literatura; (2) construção e validação de questionário para avaliação dos programas de controle de infecção; (3) estudo transversal realizado em 114 serviços de controle de infecção hospitalar. A revisão da literatura contemplou as bases de dados da LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus e SciELO, por meio dos descritores MeSH: Hospital Infection Control Program, Cross Infection, Quality of Health Care e Infection Control. Para a validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento foi feita categorização de acordo com os componentes de estrutura, processo e resultado. O estudo epidemiológico foi realizado em serviços de controle de infecção nas cinco regiões do Brasil, sendo a coleta de dados conduzida entre novembro de 2018 e janeiro de 2019. O Índice de Qualidade dos Programas de Controle de Infecção (IQPCI) foi elaborado por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais aplicada à matriz de correlação amostral das variáveis. Foram definidas as faixas de valores do IQPCI e as respectivas categorias de qualidade. Já o teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis foi escolhido para comparação dos escores obtidos e o nível de significância admitido foi de 0,05. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando os softwares Epi Info versão 6.0 e IBM® SPSS versão 27. Resultados: Etapa 1: Revisão integrativa: obteve-se uma amostra final de 10 artigos publicados, principalmente no Scopus (60%) e na Web of Science (30%). Observou-se que os elementos estruturais variaram entre os países estudados, sugerindo necessidade de melhoria organizacional e de recursos humanos. Etapa 2: O questionário apresentou índice de validade de conteúdo com média de 0,902 (±0,076) e boa consistência interna dos itens (teste alfa de Cronbach = 0,82), tendo sido utilizado nas cinco regiões brasileiras. Etapa 3: O melhor índice de qualidade dos programas de controle de infecção foi identificado na região Sul (p=0,02), nos hospitais que continham 300 leitos ou mais (p<0,01), naqueles que utilizavam o critério National Healthcare Safety Network para vigilância das infecções (p<0,01) e nos locais que realizavam busca ativa prospectiva como método de vigilância (p<0,01). Conclusão: A revisão integrativa da literatura mostrou a necessidade de investimentos nos componentes de estrutura, processo e resultado. As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento foram validadas, podendo ser utilizado de forma eficiente e confiável em nível nacional. Os resultados reforçaram que o PCIH possui ações diversificadas no contexto da prevenção e controle de IRAS. Por esse motivo, a qualidade dos programas de controle de infecção está relacionada à região do Brasil, ao número de leitos e ao método adotado para vigilância das infecções.


Infection control programs is a set of actions developed deliberately and systematically, with a view to reducing the maximum possible occurrence and severity of infections. The program construction must consider the local reality of the program as organizational specificities. However, the activities carried out by the health services are diversified, and in Brazil there is still a lack of government incentive, advanced financial support and there is still no established quality index that allows comparison between locations, becoming barriers to effective implementation. Objective: To analyze the quality of hospital infection control programs in Brazil. Methodology: This study was developed in three stages: (1) integrative literature review; (2) construction and validation of a questionnaire to assess infection control programs; (3) cross-sectional study carried out in 114 hospital infection control services. The literature review included the LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases, using the MeSH descriptors: Hospital Infection Control Program, Cross Infection, Quality of Health Care and Infection Control. For the validation of the instrument's psychometric properties, categorization was performed according to the structure, process and result components. The epidemiological study was carried out in infection control services in the five regions of Brazil, with data collection conducted between November 2018 and January 2019. The Infection Control Programs Quality Index (IQPCI in Portuguese) was elaborated through Principal Component Analysis applied to the sampling correlation matrix of the variables. The IQPCI ranges of values and the respective quality categories were defined. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was chosen to compare the scores obtained and the accepted significance level was 0.05. Statistical analyzes were performed using Epi Info version 6.0 and IBM® SPSS version 27 software. Results: Step 1: Integrative review: a final sample of 10 published articles was obtained, mainly in Scopus (60%) and Web of Science (30%). It was observed that the structural elements varied between the countries studied, suggesting the need for organizational and human resources improvement. Step 2: The questionnaire presented a content validity index with a mean of 0.902 (±0.076) and good internal consistency of the items (Cronbach's alpha test = 0.82), having been used in the five Brazilian regions. Step 3: The best quality index of infection control programs was identified in the South region (p=0.02), in hospitals with 300 beds or more (p<0.01), in those using the National Healthcare criteria Safety Network for surveillance of infections (p<0.01) and in places that performed prospective active search as a surveillance method (p<0.01). Conclusion: The integrative literature review showed the need for investments in the structure, process and result components. The psychometric properties of the instrument have been validated and can be used efficiently and reliably at the national level. The results reinforced that the Infection Control Programs has diversified actions in the context of healthcare associated infections prevention and control. For this reason, the quality of infection control programs is related to the region of Brazil, the number of beds and the method adopted for surveillance of infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Cross Infection , Infection Control , Validation Study , Hospital Infection Control Program , Health Services Research , Basic Health Services , Surveillance in Disasters
2.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 35(1): e2254, ene.-mar. 2019.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1149870

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las particularidades de la investigación en políticas y sistemas de salud han incidido en su lenta asunción como generadora de evidencias de los sistemas de salud. Por ello ha requerido de iniciativas que contribuyan con su desarrollo y consolidación. Objetivo: Describir algunas variantes para el desarrollo de la investigación en políticas y sistemas de salud en general, y en enfermería, en particular. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de artículos científicos, informes anuales y documentos rectores de la Alianza para las investigaciones en políticas y sistemas de salud en el periodo 2001-2015 en idioma español e inglés. Se sistematizó la información y se integró la evidencia científica obtenida de los resultados de un proyecto nacional realizado en Cuba entre los años 2008-2012. Resultados: El establecimiento de instituciones que lideren su realización, la identificación de profesionales con experiencia en este tipo de estudio, la generación de espacios de sinergia para el trabajo entre investigadores y decisores, la utilización de vías no tradicionales de divulgación de resultados y el incremento y priorización de la asignación de financiación son algunas de las iniciativas generales para la consolidación de este tipo de estudio. La identificación y desarrollo de capacidades en diferentes niveles forma parte de las propuestas que se describen para enfermería. Conclusiones: La identificación de variantes para el desarrollo de las investigaciones en políticas y sistemas de salud favorece su consolidación en los diferentes contextos donde se insertan los profesionales de enfermería. Conocerlas permite su aprovechamiento por este grupo de práctica(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: The particularities of research in health policies and systems have influenced the slow assumption as a generator of health system evidence. Therefore, initiatives are required that contribute to its development and consolidation. Objective: To describe some variables for the development of research on health policies and systems in nursing. Methods: A descriptive bibliographical review was carried out with scientific articles, annual reports and guiding documents of the alliance for research in health policies and systems in the period 2001-2015 in Spanish and English. The information was systematized and the scientific evidence obtained from the results of a national project carried out in Cuba between the years 2008-2012 was integrated. Results: The establishment of institutions that lead its implementation, the identification of professionals with experience in this type of study, the generation of synergy spaces for the work among researchers and decision-makers, the use of non-traditional ways for disseminating results, and the increase and prioritization of funding allocation are some of the general initiatives for the consolidation of this type of study. The identification and development of skills at different levels is part of the proposals described for nursing. Conclusions: The identification of variables for the development of research in health policies and systems favors their consolidation in the different contexts where nursing professionals are inserted. Knowing them allows their use by this group of practice(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Systems , Research Report , Health Policy , Research Support as Topic/methods , Review Literature as Topic
3.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 32(3): 305-313, sep.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-724968

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: explorar la existencia de barreras de acceso a losservicios de salud en las historias de mujeres con cáncer demama, que han recibido apoyo de seis ong colombianas.Metodología: se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativodescriptivo interpretativo, en cinco ciudades colombianas:Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Valledupar y Santa Marta, incluyendo44 mujeres apoyadas por seis ong. Se realizaron gruposfocales y entrevistas en profundidad. Resultados: en elproceso emergieron cuatro categorías: barreras ligadas alos determinantes estructurales, barreras originadas en losdeterminantes intermedios, herramientas para enfrentar lasbarreras y una categoría que hace referencia a la oportunidadde obtener un diagnóstico y un tratamiento de cáncer de mama.A partir de estas categorías, se propone un modelo de barrerasde acceso en cáncer de mama, desde la perspectiva de losdeterminantes sociales. Discusión: a pesar de los esfuerzos delpaís por mejorar la oportunidad en prevención, diagnóstico ytratamiento del cáncer ùincluyendo la promulgación de la ley1384 de 2010 (Ley Sandra Ceballos)ù, las mujeres con cáncerde mama enfrentan barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud,que están determinadas socialmente, y frente a las cuales elsistema muestra cierto nivel de incapacidad...


Objective: to explore the existence of barriers to healthcareaccess in the narratives of women with breast cancer who havereceived the support of six Colombian NGOs. Methodology:a descriptive qualitative interpretive study was carried out infive Colombian cities: Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Santa Martaand Valledupar. Data was collected through focus groups andinterviews with 44 women supported by six NGOs. Results:in the process, four categories emerged: barriers linked to structural determinants, barriers arising from intermediatedeterminants, tools to address barriers and a category referring tothe opportunity for diagnosis and breast cancer treatment. Fromthese categories, a model of barriers preventing access to breastcancer-related healthcare is proposed from the perspective ofsocial determinants. Discussion: despite the Country's efforts toimprove the opportunity for prevention, diagnosis and treatmentof cancer -including the enactment of Act 1384 of 2010 (SandraCeballos Act)- women with breast cancer face barriers tohealthcare access which are socially determined and againstwhich the system shows some degree of inability...


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care , Health Services Accessibility , Health Systems , Health Services Research , Health Policy
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